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Recommendations
The IMF needs
to take immediate steps to reverse the negative ecological impact
of structural adjustment. Natural resources are finite, and
need to be recognized for their full ecological, social, and
economic values. The current model of economic development that
is being pursued by the IMF and World Bank is fundamentally unsustainable
as it seeks growth at all costs, without regard to ecological
limits.
The IMF and WB
should take the following steps to integrate environmental concerns
into economic
development, including:
•Conduct
environmental and social assessments of SAPs,
•Encourage
the protection of environmental programs by publishing environmental
spending figures,
•Refrain
from cutting environmental spending or weakening conservation
laws,
•Publish
changes in environmental laws that are the result of structural
adjustment discussions,
•Include
environmental ministers in negotiations on IMF programs,
•Pursue
environmental accounting as part of IMF technical assistance
and data gathering, and
•Implement
green taxes that could generate revenue and discourage excessive
resource use.
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Sources:
1. Food and Agriculture Organization. Statistical Database. www.fao.org.
2. Environmentally and Socially Sustainable Development. 1999.
Social and Environmental Aspects: A Desk Review of SECALs and
SALs Approved During FY98 and FY99. Washington,DC: World Bank
3. Verolme, Hans J.H., Moussa, Juliette. 1999. Addressing the
Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation-Case
Studies, Analysis and Policy Recommendations. Washington, DC:
Biodiversity Action Network.
4. International Monetary Fund. 1998. “Cameroon Statistical
Appendix.” IMF Staff Country Report No. 98/17. Washington,
DC: IMF.
5. Food and Agriculture Organization. 1997. State of the World’s
Forests.
6. “Mining’s Environmental Impacts.” http://www.mineralpolicy.org/Environment.html
7. Project Underground. 1997. “Investing in Guyana Does
Not Bring Riches for All.” Drillbits and Tailings. (Novermber
1997).
8. International Monetary Fund. 1998. “Cote d’Ivoire:
Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Policy Framework Paper
1998-2000.” Washington, DC: IMF. (February 9, 1998: Section
37).
9. Melvis, Dzisah. 1998. “Mining, Energy Sectors Attract
Investors.” Panafrican News Agency. (September 1, 1998).
10. Jodah, Desiree Kissoon. 1995. “Courting Disaster in
Guyana.” The Multinational Monitor. 16:11 (Novermber 1995).
11. International Monetary Fund. 1998. “Cote d’Ivoire:
Selected Issues and Statistical Appendix.” IMF Staff Country
Report: No.98/46. Washington, DC: IMF. (May 1998).
12. Hammond, Ross. 1999. “The Impact of IMF Structural Adjustment
Policies on Tanzanian Agriculture.” The All Too Visible
Hand. Washington, DC: The Development Gap, Friends of the Earth.
13. Schemo, Diana Jean. 1991. “Brazil Slashes Money for
Project Aimed at Protecting Amazon.” New York Times. (January
1, 1999).
14. Personal communications with Russian and Pacific Rim NGO’s.
15. Emilia, Stevie. 1998. “Crisis Forces Jakarta to Sacrifice
its Environmental Programs.” Jakarta Post. (July 2, 1998).
16. Colchester, Mark. Social Exclusion and Development Domination:
The Underlying Causes of Deforestation and Forest Degradation
in Guyana. World Rainforest Movement Campaigns and News. www.wrm.org.
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